(I) Requirements of CNC machine tools for operation and maintenance personnel
CNC machine tools are controlled by computers. The drive system has high technical complexity, and the precision requirements of the mechanical parts are also relatively high. Therefore, the operators, maintenance and management personnel of CNC machine tools are required to have a high level of education and comprehensive technical quality.
The machining of CNC machine tools is based on a program. When the parts are simple in shape, they can be programmed manually. When the part shape is more complex, the programming workload is large, manual programming is difficult and often error-prone, so it must be programmed by computer. Therefore, in addition to having certain process knowledge and general machine tool operating experience, the operators of CNC machine tools should also have a good understanding of the structural features and working principles of CNC machine tools and have the ability to skillfully operate computers and must be specialized in programming. The training can only be performed on the machine after passing the assessment.
Proper maintenance and effective maintenance are also an important issue in the use of CNC machine tools. The maintenance personnel of CNC machine tools should have high theoretical knowledge and maintenance techniques. To understand the mechanical structure of CNC machine tools, to understand the electrical principles and electronic circuits of CNC machine tools, there should be a wide range of machine, electricity, gas and liquid expertise. Only in this way can a comprehensive analysis be made to determine the root cause of the fault and correct maintenance can be performed to ensure a good running condition of the CNC machine tool. Therefore, CNC machine tool maintenance personnel and operators must perform special training.
(II) Requirements of CNC machine tools for fixtures and tools
CNC machine tools have relatively simple requirements for fixtures, and universal fixtures are generally used for single-piece production. When mass production, in order to save processing hours, special fixtures should be used. The fixture of the CNC machine tool should be reliable and can automatically clamp or release the workpiece. The fixture should also have good chip evacuation and cooling performance.
CNC machine tools should have the following characteristics:
(1) High accuracy, durability, stable geometry, and small changes.
(2) The tool can realize pre-adjustment and rapid tool change. When machining high-precision holes, it must be tested to determine its size.
(3) The shank of the tool should meet the requirements of the shank standard.
(4) Good control of chip breaking and discharge.
(5) Has good cooling performance.
