Coordinates and direction of movement of CNC machine tools

July 21, 2023

In the numerical control machine tool, the coordinate axes X, Y, Z of the linear motion of the machine tool are specified as the right-handed Cartesian coordinate system according to ISO and China's JB3051-82 standard. The three gyrational motions A, B, and C correspond to the rotational motion of the axes parallel to X, Y, and Z, respectively, as shown in FIG. The positive direction of X, Y, Z is the direction that increases the size of the workpiece, that is, the direction that increases the distance between the workpiece and the tool. Usually the axis parallel to the main axis is the Z coordinate (that is, the motion of the Z coordinate is specified by the main axis that transmits the cutting power), and the X direction is horizontal and parallel to the workpiece loading surface, and the last Y coordinate can be the right hand Cartesian card. Child coordinate system to determine.

The positive direction of the rotational movements A, B, and C corresponds to the forward direction of the right-handed thread in the positive direction of the X, Y, Z coordinates. The above rule is the case where the workpiece is fixed and the tool moves. Conversely, if the workpiece moves, its forward direction is denoted by X′, Y′, Z′ (dotted line in FIG. 1 ). However, the positive direction of the coordinate when the tool moves is usually used as the positive direction of programming. Figure 2 shows the coordinate axes and directions of the CNC lathe and the lifting-free CNC milling machine.

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Ms. SU LAN RONG

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