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The machining center adds an automatic tool changer and tool magazine to the common CNC machine tool, and has an automatic indexing rotary table or headstock (automatically changing the angle) and other auxiliary functions, so that the workpiece can be clamped once. After that, the processing of drilling, expanding, reaming, boring, tapping, milling and the like in a plurality of planes or a plurality of angular positions can be continuously and automatically performed, and the process is highly concentrated.
The machining center can automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, the feed rate and the trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece. Some machining centers have a double workbench. While the workpiece on one workbench is being processed, the other workpiece can be loaded and unloaded on the workbench in the loading and unloading position, and then the processing (loading and unloading) position is exchanged, thereby saving the total processing time.
Since the machining center has the above functions, the adjustment time of workpiece clamping, measurement and machine tool can be significantly reduced, the turnover, handling and storage time of the workpiece can be reduced, and the productivity is greatly improved, especially for the processing shape is complicated, the precision requirement is high, and the variety It is more economical to replace frequent parts.
The machining center has different shapes and structures, but it is basically composed of basic components, spindle components, numerical control system, automatic tool change system (including tool magazine) and auxiliary devices. According to the shape of the machine tool, the machining center is generally divided into a horizontal machining center and a vertical machining center.
1. The function of the automatic tool changer in the machining center of the automatic tool changer is to automatically replace the tool by the robot. It should meet the requirements of short tool change time, high tool repeatability, compact structure, safety and reliability. The automatic tool changer has the following basic forms:
1) Rotary tool holder form;
2) Replace the spindle form;
3) Replace the spindle box form;
4) The automatic tool change system with a tool magazine is currently the most widely used.
2. The common types of magazines in the magazine are disc magazines (when the tools are small) and chain magazines (the number of tools is 30-120).
Some CNC machining centers also have an organic external tool setting tool for measuring the length, diameter and angle of the tool, so as to compensate the deviation of the tool parameters by the program to ensure accurate machining.
