(1) The commonly used tools of CNC machine tools can be divided into different categories according to different principles. details as follows:
a. Classified by cutting process
Turning Tools: External Turning Knives, Knives, Thread Knives, Files
Drilling tools: straight shank twist drills, shallow hole drills, taps, jet drills, reamers
Milling tools: face milling cutters, end mills, ball nose knives, saw cutters, keyway knives, dovetail mills
Boring tools
b. Classification by tool structure
Integral
Mosaic type: welding or clip-type connection, clamp type can be divided into non-inversion and indexable two;
Special types: such as compound tools, shock-absorbing tools and so on.
c. Classified by manufacturing materials
High speed steel cutter
Carbide tool
Diamond cutter
Other material tools: such as cubic boron nitride tools, ceramic tools and so on.
(b) The selection of the tool is performed in the human-machine interaction state of the numerical control programming. The tool and holder should be selected correctly based on the machining capability of the machine, the properties of the workpiece material, the machining process, the cutting amount, and other related factors.
The general principle of tool selection is: the selected tool should be compatible with the material being processed, easy to install and adjust, rigid, durable and high precision. In the premise of meeting the processing requirements, try to choose a shorter tool holder to improve the rigidity of the tool processing.
When selecting a specific tool, the dimensions of the tool must be adapted to the surface dimensions of the workpiece being machined. In production, the peripheral contours of plane parts are often machined with end mills. When milling planes, hard alloy insert milling cutters are selected. When machining bosses and grooves, high-speed steel end mills are selected; surface roughing or rough machining is performed. In the case of holes, corn milling inserts with carbide inserts can be selected. For the machining of some three-dimensional profiles and variable bevel profiles, ball-end cutters, ring cutters, taper cutters, and disc-type cutters are often used.
